Urinary Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (UACR) is a diagnostic test used to assess kidney function and screen for kidney damage, especially in patients with conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

Description:

• Purpose: The UACR test measures the amount of albumin (a protein) in the urine relative to the amount of creatinine (a waste product) to evaluate kidney function. Elevated levels of albumin in the urine can be an early sign of kidney damage or disease.

• Normal Range:

  • Normal: Less than 30 mg/g creatinine.
  • Microalbuminuria: 30-300 mg/g creatinine.
  • Macroalbuminuria: Greater than 300 mg/g creatinine.

• Why It’s Done:

  • To screen for kidney damage in patients with diabetes, hypertension, or other risk factors.
  • To monitor the progression of kidney disease and assess the effectiveness of treatment.

Patient Preparation for UACR Collection:

1. Sample Collection Instructions:

   • Timing: The test is often done using a spot urine sample, but sometimes a 24-hour urine collection is required for more accurate measurement. The spot urine sample should be collected at a consistent time, usually morning, to standardize results.
   • Hydration: Patients should be well-hydrated but avoid excessive fluid intake right before the test to avoid dilution of the urine.
   • Avoid Contaminants: Ensure that the urine sample is collected in a clean, sterile container to prevent contamination.

2. Medication and Diet:

   • Medications: Inform the healthcare provider of all medications and supplements, as some can affect protein levels or kidney function.
   • Diet: Maintain a normal diet before the test. Extremely high or low protein diets may affect the results.

3. Activity:

   • Avoid vigorous exercise immediately before the test, as it can cause temporary increases in protein levels in the urine.

4. Instructions for Collection:

   • For a spot urine sample, collect the urine midstream to avoid contamination from the genital area.
   • For a 24-hour urine collection, follow specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider, typically involving starting and ending the collection period at specific times.

Sample Collection:

• Spot Urine Sample: A single urine sample is collected in a sterile container.
• 24-Hour Urine Collection: Collect all urine produced over a 24-hour period, storing it in a special container provided by the healthcare provider.

The UACR test helps in the early detection of kidney damage and is crucial for managing patients with conditions that pose a risk to kidney health