ELECTROLYTES

Parameter
Interpretation
Sodium
- Low serum sodium levels (hyponatremia) may indicate dehydration, kidney or liver disease, hormonal imbalances, or certain medications

High serum sodium levels (hypernatremia) may indicate dehydration, kidney disease, certain medications, or rare conditions such as diabetes insipidus
Potassium
 Low serum potassium levels (hypokalemia) may indicate kidney disease, gastrointestinal issues, hormonal imbalances, or certain medications

High serum potassium levels (hyperkalemia) may indicate kidney disease, medication side effects, or rare conditions such as adrenal gland dysfunction
Chloride
- High serum chloride levels (hyperchloremia) may indicate dehydration, metabolic acidosis, or certain medications
- Low serum bicarbonate levels (metabolic acidosis) may indicate kidney disease, respiratory issues, or certain medications