TPHA (Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay)

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Syphilis is a chronic infection that progresses through distinct stages namely Primary, Secondary, Tertiary & Quarternary producing diverse clinical symptoms. The infection is caused by the Spirochaete Treponema acquired usually by sexual contact although the disease may be transmitted through blood transfusion and intra-uterine infection. Positive results indicate both past or present infections. False positive results are seen in patients suffering from Leprosy, Infectious mononucleosis and Connective tissue disorders. This test does not distinguish between Syphilis and other pathogenic treponemal infections. All positive results should be confirmed with FTA-ABS ( Fluorescent Treponemal Antibodies) test 

TPHA Test ResultInterpretationNon-reactive or Negative
No antibodies against Treponema pallidum detected. It suggests no current or past infection with syphilis.
Reactive or Positive
Antibodies against Treponema pallidum are present in the blood. It indicates a current or past infection with syphilis. Further testing is required to confirm the stage and activity of the infection.