The Stool Hanging Drop Test is a microscopic examination used primarily to detect the presence and motility of live protozoan parasites, such as Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica, in a fresh stool sample. This test helps in the rapid diagnosis of protozoan infections that cause gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. The hanging drop technique allows visualization of the motile trophozoite forms of these parasites, which are often missed in routine stool examinations.

Sample Collection Process by Speediagno Phlebotomist or Technician:

Speediagno follows a meticulous procedure to ensure accurate and sterile sample collection for the stool hanging drop test.

1. Preparation for Sample Collection:

   • Identify the Patient: The technician confirms the patient’s identity using at least two identifiers (e.g., name and date of birth).
   • Consent and Explanation: The procedure is explained to the patient, including the steps for proper stool collection.

2. Stool Collection Process:

   • Collection Kit: The patient is provided with a sterile stool collection kit, which includes a clean container with a lid and instructions.
   • Sample Collection:
     • The patient should collect the stool sample in a clean, dry container, avoiding contamination with urine, water, or toilet paper.
     • A walnut-sized amount or approximately 1-2 tablespoons of fresh stool is sufficient. The most liquid part of the stool is ideal for this test as it is more likely to contain motile organisms.

3. Post-Collection Care:

   • Labeling and Sealing: The container is sealed tightly and labeled with the patient’s details, including the date and time of collection.
   • Immediate Transport: The stool sample must be delivered to the laboratory immediately, as motile parasites may lose their activity quickly outside the body.

4. Safety and Hygiene Protocols:

   • Proper Disposal: Any gloves, wipes, or materials used during sample collection should be disposed of in biohazard containers.
   • Hand Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling the stool sample to prevent contamination.

5. Laboratory Processing:

   • Microscopic Examination:
     • A small drop of the stool sample is placed on a glass slide, and a coverslip is placed over the drop without pressing down, creating a hanging drop under the coverslip.
     • The slide is immediately examined under a microscope to observe motile trophozoites of parasites.
   • Observation: The technician looks for characteristic motility patterns, such as the jerky movement of Giardia or the directional movement of Entamoeba histolytica.

This careful and immediate approach ensures accurate detection of motile protozoa, aiding in the timely diagnosis and management of parasitic gastrointestinal infections.